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Ming-Chi Kuo

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關於台積電的次世代先進封裝 CoPoS 的幾個關鍵(省略可查詢到的技術細節): 1. 預計 2H28 量產,目標提升 9.5 倍光罩尺寸以上的封裝之量產經濟性,Nvidia 的 AI 晶片 Feynman 可能將首度採用。 2. 根據產業調查,兩個不同的地方會用到玻璃(尺寸 mm): → 310 x 310 的臨時玻璃載具(glass carrier) → 250 x 250(測試)/ 510 x 515(量產)的玻璃面板,加工後切割為玻璃核心載板(glass core substrate) 3. 玻璃核心載板的架構主要分成三層:玻璃作為核心層,上下以 ABF(ABF-GCP)增層包覆。玻璃加工的挑戰,像是TGV(through glass via)、填銅 / 金屬化(metallization)等,指的都是這個階段。 4. CoPoS 常見的錯誤論述: → ❌ 錯誤 1:採用玻璃中介層(interposer)。⭕️ 應修正為:玻璃非中介層,其互連角色由晶片側 RDL 與玻璃核心載板側 TGV / ABF 增層分別承接。 → ❌ 錯誤 2:玻璃取代 ABF。⭕️ 應修正為:如前述的玻璃核心載板架構,玻璃與 ABF 並存。 → ❌ 錯誤 3:晶片放在玻璃上。⭕️ 應修正為:晶片貼附於玻璃核心載板的 ABF 增層表面。 5. CoPoS 將延續並強化台積電先進封裝的優勢,預期讓該優勢能見度可達約2032年。

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1. The Apple XR headset and smart glasses roadmap I put together about a year ago is no longer a useful reference. For now, only two smart glasses products remain visible in the roadmap. 2. The major overhaul was signed off by Apple's next CEO, John Ternus. This shift actually happened a while back. I'm just late updating the chart. I think removing the Vision Pro line was the right call, as Apple shifts resources toward smart glasses with greater mass-market potential. 3. My latest supply chain checks suggest Apple’s display-equipped AR/XR smart glasses device, powered by optical waveguides, has slipped to 2029. The display-less AI glasses…

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1. 我大約一年前做的這張 Apple 的 XR 頭戴裝置與智慧眼鏡之規劃路線(roadmap)沒什麼參考價值了,目前只剩兩個智慧眼鏡裝置有能見度。 2. 規劃路線大改是由 Apple 的下一任 CEO John Ternus 拍板定案(其實已經改變一段時間,只是我沒即時更新),我認為移除 Vision Pro 系列、並將資源轉向具有更廣大消費潛力的智慧眼鏡類產品是正確決定。 3. 最新的供應鏈調查指出,Apple 具有顯示功能的 AR / XR 智慧眼鏡(採用光波導)將延後到 2029 年。沒有顯示功能的 AI 眼鏡(類似 Ray-Ban Meta)預計還是在 2027 年推出。

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A few thoughts on NVIDIA RTX Spark, setting aside the specs for now: the on-device AI agent narrative, a reality check on delivery, and Apple’s WWDC. 1. At the heart of it are two things: Jensen Huang’s “reinvent the PC” slogan and a concept demo of an on-device AI agent workflow. (I call it a concept demo because there was no live demo.) The slogan and concept demo should help speed up market consensus around on-device AI agents in the near term. 2. The key elements of the on-device AI agent concept: OS + cloud/local LLM switching + agent harness + cross-app workflow + sandbox The concept isn't new, but thanks to GTC's reach, it will lik…

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我對 NVIDIA RTX Spark 的幾個想法(先不討論規格細節):裝置端 AI agent 敘事、實現檢視與 Apple WWDC 1. 核心是 NVIDIA CEO 黃仁勳提出的「重新發明 PC」口號,以及裝置端 AI agent workflow 的概念展示(會說概念展示,是因為沒有實機演示)。上述口號與概念展示,有助於短期內加速形成市場對裝置端 AI agent 的共識。 2. 裝置端 AI agent 展示概念元素: OS + cloud/local LLM switching + agent harness + cross-app workflow + sandbox 此概念並非原創,但藉由 GTC 的高曝光度與敘事張力,在可見未來將會主導裝置端 AI agent 使用者情境的敘事。 3. 雖然黃仁勳領先提出了裝置端 AI agent 的願景與敘事,但畢竟未來 2 年內,RTX Spark 裝置仍是筆記型電腦的利基市場,因此現在判斷商業競爭誰輸誰贏還太早。 4. 在 GTC 前,絕大部分關於 RTX Spark(N1X)的討論與預測都聚焦在晶片代號、規格與供應鏈;相較之下,作業系統的重要性鮮少被提及。而黃仁勳此次演說,將作業系統與晶片平台一同放在「重新發明 PC」的核心位置,這也呼應了我先前提出的核心觀點:裝置端 AI 推動升級換機潮的關鍵在作業系統。 5. 軟體是使用者體驗的關鍵。若要確保使用者能體驗到黃仁勳展示的 agentic workflow,…

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Nvidia's Much-Anticipated, Reportedly Upcoming N1X / Windows PC Processor: Supply Chain Checks and Key Takeaways ▌Supply chain checks point to around 10M shipments of N1X-based devices over the next two years. ➡ Still a niche market, aimed at power users who need on-device AI compute. ➡ Whether shipments get revised up will come down to price, but mainly to whether Windows can deliver apps and workflows that truly orchestrate on-device AI compute. ▌Today, the main ways people use AI on a PC (both Windows and Mac) are accessing cloud LLM services through a browser and calling LLMs via API to consume a cloud provider's compute / tokens: ➡ In …

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▌The latest supply chain checks indicate that Sunny Optical is seeing several new positive trends: 1. Leveraging its existing optical technology strengths, the company is preparing to enter AI server CPO / silicon photonics coupling components. 2. Securing orders for optical components in OpenAI's devices. 3. Two positive Apple order trends: 1) becoming a new Apple CCM supplier, with iPhone CCM orders expected in 2028; 2) winning the high-ASP variable aperture lens for the 2H26 new iPhones, with a order share approaching 50%. ▌Preparing to enter AI server CPO / silicon photonics coupling components: 1. Has already planned and is preparing to…

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▌最新的供應鏈調查顯示,舜宇光學迎來數個新正向趨勢: 1. 利用既有光學技術優勢,準備進入 AI 伺服器 CPO / 矽光(硅光)耦合元件 2. OpenAI 裝置光學零組件訂單 3. 兩個 Apple 訂單正向趨勢:1) 成為 Apple 新 CCM 供應商,並預計在 2028 年取得 iPhone CCM訂單、2) 取得用於 2H26 新款 iPhone 的高單價可變光圈鏡頭,比重近50% ▌準備進入 AI 伺服器 CPO / 矽光(硅光)耦合元件: 1. 已規劃並準備送樣 CPO/矽光(硅光)耦合元件,包括準直透鏡、微透鏡陣列、光路轉向元件(micro-prism 微稜鏡、metalens 等)。 2. 公司已決定將積極透過轉投資與併購推進 AI 伺服器事業。 ▌OpenAI 裝置光學零組件訂單: 取得 OpenAI 手機與另一口袋 / 移動裝置的光學零組件 NPI ▌Apple 訂單正向趨勢: 1. 成為 Apple 新 CCM 供應商,生產 MacBook Neo CCM。MacBook Neo 出貨優於預期,2026 年出貨量從 500 萬提升至 1,000 萬。 2. 2028 年 iPhone 的超廣角 CCM 預計捨棄 Flipchip 改用 COB 改良版,舜宇光學可望成為供應商。 3. 2H26 新款 iPhone 18 Pro/Pro Max 可變光圈鏡頭單價提升 50% (vs. 高階 7P 鏡頭),舜宇供應比重達 40-50%。

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MediaTek Could Be the Missing Piece in Elon Musk’s Terafab Puzzle

My latest industry checks suggest that MediaTek is better positioned than other custom ASIC vendors to become Terafab’s strategic partner. MediaTek would provide broad support across Intel 14A adoption, advanced packaging integration, and subsequent production ramp, with small-volume manufacturing of chips required by Musk’s in-house IC design team targeted to begin in 2028. The partnership would strengthen Terafab’s execution capability while elevating MediaTek's positioning and value-add in the AI ASIC market. The analysis below examines Terafab's execution challenges alongside MediaTek's corresponding capabilities. ── ▌Musk’s semicondu…

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聯發科可能是 Elon Musk 打造 Terafab 的關鍵拼圖

我最新的產業調查顯示,在數家客製化 ASIC 廠商中,聯發科較有可能成為 Terafab 的策略合作對象。聯發科將全面支援 Intel 14A 先進製程與先進封裝的導入與生產,預計自 2028 年開始小量生產 Musk 的 IC 設計團隊所需晶片。 此策略合作可望強化 Terafab 的執行效率,並提升聯發科 AI ASIC 的產業定位與附加價值。 以下從 Terafab 的執行挑戰與聯發科的對應能力兩個面向分析。 ── ▌Musk 的半導體 / 晶片願景無疑有著激勵人心的長期敘事,但其所屬的 IC 設計團隊同時也面臨多重執行面壓力: »» 壓力 1:範疇 3 條先進製程合作路徑:同時與台積電、Samsung 與 Intel 合作,在 IC 設計業界前所未見。 2 大算力產品線:地面(邊緣 / 推論)與專為宇宙環境優化的晶片,遠期 AI 算力量級規劃挑戰地球部署總和。 6+ 晶片專案:AI 系列、Dojo 系列、SpaceX 專屬晶片,同時涵蓋多個應用領域。 4 關鍵流程垂直整合:光罩設計、邏輯、記憶體晶片與先進封裝,單一廠區整合此規模產業內無先例。 9 個月設計週期:vs. 產業常態 18-24 個月,複雜設計 2-3 年,迭代速度顯著較快。 »» 壓力 2:時間 Terafab 採用的 Intel 14A,其 PDK 0.9 預計於 2026 年 10 月釋出給外部客戶,使外部客戶首度能參與 14A 實際設計。若 Terafab 沒有第一時間掌握,可能…

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OpenAI Phone's Strategic Significance for MediaTek: Brand, AI SoC, 6G, and a Re-rating

Whether or not the product itself succeeds, the OpenAI–MediaTek smartphone partnership carries significant implications for MediaTek's smartphone business. The partnership itself could strengthen MediaTek’s brand value, help it build AI agent smartphone SoC capabilities, expand its influence in 6G standard-setting, and support a re-rating of its smartphone business, which in turn should be supportive of the share price over the medium to long term. This note focuses on AI device development trends and the medium- to long-term outlook for MediaTek's share price. Unlike prior analyses that were primarily grounded in supply-chain checks, this n…

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OpenAI 手機對聯發科策略意義分析:品牌價值、AI 裝置 SoC & 6G 話語權與手機業務評價

OpenAI 與聯發科合作 AI 手機,無論此產品成功與否,對聯發科的手機業務都意義重大。單就此合作本身,就有助於聯發科強化品牌價值、掌握 AI agent 手機 SoC 開發能力並提升 6G 話語權、重新評價(re-rating)手機業務並有利於股價趨勢。 本篇分析聚焦於 AI 裝置開發趨勢與聯發科股價的中長期展望。有別於過去主要基於供應鏈調查的分析,並提出市場主流敘事之外的思考角度。 以下是先前相關貼文: https://x.com/mingchikuo/status/2048587369394381143 https://x.com/mingchikuo/status/2049046303058108445 https://x.com/mingchikuo/status/2051523844540899386 ─────────────────────────── ▌品牌價值:潛在絕佳的曝光機會 & 縮短與 Qualcomm 品牌溢價差距的行銷契機 Qualcomm 在高階 Android 手機 SoC 市場持續投入,並維持高達 60% 市占率,近年來也積極贊助 F1(Mercedes、Ferrari)與擔任曼聯球衣贊助商,此為創造品牌溢價的另一關鍵,高曝光度有助於讓 Qualcomm 手機 SoC 的平均品牌溢價高出聯發科約 30-40%。 根據 Kantar BrandZ 排名,ChatGPT 是 2026 年年度品牌價值成長最快的品牌(285% YoY),…

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AI Is Reshaping Advanced-Node Resource Allocation: Apple, Intel, and TSMC in a Three-Way Shift

▌Below are my latest industry checks on the Apple-Intel partnership, which help interpret it at a deeper level: Apple has kicked off low-end/legacy iPhone, iPad, and Mac processors at Intel on the 18A-P series (using Foveros packaging). The order mix is roughly 80% iPhone, mirroring Apple's end-device sales mix. Apple's wafer plans at Intel reflect the technology lifecycle of the 18A-P series: small-scale testing in 2026, ramp in 2027, continued growth in 2028, and decline in 2029. Apple is also actively evaluating Intel's other advanced-node technologies. Intel's mass production timeline and shipment scale remain unclear, and assemblers…

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AI 重分配先進製程資源:Apple、Intel 與台積電的三方變局

▌以下是我對 Apple 與 Intel 合作的最新產業調查,有助於更深入解讀: Apple 已在 Intel 18A-P 系列(採 Foveros 封裝)開案低階 / 舊款 iPhone、iPad 與 Mac 處理器。 訂單結構上,iPhone 約佔 80%,這與終端裝置銷售比重相似。 Apple 在 Intel 的投片規劃,反映 18A-P 系列的技術生命週期:2026 年小量測試,2027 年放量,2028 年續增,2029 年衰退。 Apple 也正在同步評估 Intel 其他先進製程技術。 Intel 量產時程與出貨規模仍未明朗,組裝端 / EMS 也尚未看到出貨規劃。 Intel 的 2027 年生產良率目標是先穩定達到 50‒60% 以上。 即便 Intel 初期順利出貨,台積電仍佔有 90% 以上的供應比重。 Intel 內部對 Apple 的訂單喜憂參半。 Apple 在台積電先進製程供應緊張前就開始跟 Intel 談合作。 Apple 意識到台積電的資源將持續往 AI 傾斜。 接著以上述調查為基礎,並分析在先進製程的產業結構變化下,所引發的三方行為。當中較特別的是台積電,身為領導廠商、又是事件中的被動方,看似能做的有限,但其實更值得深入解讀。 ▌Apple 正有系統地培養 Intel,讓其長期具備成為關鍵供應商的能力: Apple 在 Intel 同時開案三大產品線,且投片比例與銷量相似,代表已在模擬與驗證 Intel 未來成為全產品…

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【Industry Check Update】OpenAI appears to be fast-tracking its first AI agent phone, with mass production targeted as early as 1H27. Potential drivers include supporting a year-end IPO narrative and intensifying competition in AI agent phones. MediaTek currently appears better positioned to become the sole processor supplier, with the device set to use a customized version of the Dimensity 9600, built on TSMC’s N2P node in 2H26. The ISP is the headline spec, with an enhanced HDR pipeline improving real-world visual sensing. Other key specs include a dual-NPU architecture for heterogeneous AI compute, LPDDR6 + UFS 5.0 to ease memory bottlenecks…

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【產業調查更新】OpenAI 可能正加速首款 AI agent 手機開發,目標最快於 1H27 量產,考量原因或包括有利年底 IPO 敘事、AI agent 手機競爭加速等。目前聯發科更有可能獨家取得處理器訂單,該機預計採用基於天璣 9600 的客製版本,並於 2H26 由台積電 N2P 生產。ISP 強化高動態範圍輸出,有利真實世界視覺感知,故為規格焦點;其他關鍵規格包括雙NPU架構(AI 算力分層)、LPDDR6 + UFS 5.0(緩解記憶體瓶頸)、pKVM + inline hashing(安全性)等。若開發順利,預計 2027 與 2028 年共出貨約 3,000 萬支。

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Some quick thoughts on Intel's EMIB-T packaging for the new 2H27 Google TPU (Humufish). Based on my industry checks: 【How to read EMIB-T's 90% yield?】 1. Given Intel's track record running EMIB in mass production, hitting 90% technology validation yield on EMIB-T (still under development) is a very positive but reasonable data point. 2. Intel benchmarks EMIB production/assembly yield against FCBGA. Industry FCBGA yield today is generally above 98%. 3. On yield, getting from 90% to 98% is harder than getting from project kickoff to 90%. And technology validation yield ≠ final production yield, especially with some Humufish specs still unfi…

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閒聊 Intel EMIB-T 封裝的 2H27 新款 Google TPU(Humufish)。以下根據我的產業調查: 【EMIB-T 90% 良率,該怎麼看?】 1. 基於 Intel 已經有穩定生產 EMIB 的經驗,開發中的 EMIB-T 技術驗證良率達到 90%,是很正向但也合理的訊號。 2. Intel 把 FCBGA 設定為 EMIB 生產(組裝)良率的比較標竿。目前業界 FCBGA 的生產良率約在 98% 以上。 3. 從良率角度,90%→98% 難度高於從開案 → 90%。此外,技術驗證良率與成品生產良率也是兩回事(特別是 Humufish 仍有規格未定案)。所以我雖正向看待 Intel 先進封裝長期發展,但中短期內仍會謹慎關注 Intel 如何面對這些挑戰。 【從 90% 到 98%,表面上才差個幾%,Google 會在意嗎?當然會】 1. Google 近期詢問過台積電,自行投片 Humufish 的 main compute die(由 Google 自行設計),與讓聯發科代為投片相較,成本可節省多少。 2. Google 與聯發科的合作一開始(8t)就是採 semi-COT 模式。聯發科的 mark-up 主要來自自行設計部分,所以 Google 是否親自投片 main compute die,不是聯發科獲利成長趨勢的觀察重點。 3. 但從 Google 連投片相關的 pass-through mark-up 都想看看能不能省,代表 Go…

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Two recent signals that align with my view: OpenAI CEO Sam Altman @sama https://t.co/kuLFsKTrnH "...to seriously rethink how operating systems and user interfaces are designed... there should be a protocol that is equally usable by people and agents." GeekPark @GeekParkHQ cited remarks from OpenAI’s Head of Hardware, Richard Ho, at a Stanford IEEE session: https://t.co/ZBaBcpN4wG "...it’s the first time infrastructure and consumer hardware are being tightly coupled. OpenAI is making the bet that if users' default interface shifts to agents, the current stack, device, silicon, OS, doesn’t really hold."

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近期兩個與我分析方向一致的訊息: OpenAI CEO Sam Altman @sama https://t.co/kuLFsKTZdf "...to seriously rethink how operating systems and user interfaces are designed... there should be a protocol that is equally usable by people and agents." GeekPark 极客公园 @GeekParkHQ 引用 OpenAI Head of Hardware Richard Ho 在 Stanford IEEE session 的發言 https://t.co/ZBaBcpNCme "...it’s the first time infrastructure and consumer hardware are being tightly coupled. OpenAI is making the bet that if users' default interface shifts to agents, the current stack, device, silicon, OS, doesn’t really hold."

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From another angle, the key reason Terafab chose Intel is the lack of real alternatives. TSMC's capacity is effectively locked in for years by high-margin demand, while Samsung continues to ride the memory supercycle with outsized returns. With visibility for both companies out to around 2028–2030, neither has a reason to reallocate resources to a high-uncertainty bet like Terafab. https://t.co/sgvH5o9ZRZ

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從另一角度看,Terafab 找 Intel 的關鍵也是因為沒其他選擇。台積電未來數年產能已被高毛利訂單填滿,Samsung 則可持續享受記憶體超級週期的超額報酬,兩者的能見度都到 2028–2030 年,沒理由為了不確定性高的 Terafab 重置資源。 https://t.co/sCIiJx1qFQ https://t.co/RB1hEh3VTV

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Some thoughts on John Ternus becoming Apple’s new CEO

John Ternus’ most important move in recent years was leading the Mac transition from x86 (Intel) to ARM (Apple’s own Apple Silicon). Pulling off a full-stack shift across hardware, software, and the developer ecosystem in one go, and turning that into a commercial success, required a very high level of execution and tight cross-functional coordination. Without this, there wouldn’t be the success of today’s MacBook Neo and the advantage Apple now holds as it gears up for AI devices. The iPhone has been the core driver of Apple’s hardware business for nearly two decades, yet the new CEO does not come out of the iPhone side of the business. Tha…

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關於 John Ternus 成為 Apple 新 CEO 的一些想法

John Ternus 近年來最經典的一役,就是讓 Mac 從 x86(Intel)順利轉成 ARM(自家的 Apple Silicon)。能一次到位整合軟硬體與開發者生態並取得商業成功,需要非常高效的執行力與跨部門協調。如果沒有這一役,就不會有現在 MacBook Neo 的成功與 AI 裝置蓄勢待發的潛在優勢。 iPhone 是主導 Apple 過去近 20 年硬體發展的核心事業,但新任 CEO 並非出身自 iPhone 體系,代表董事會評估 CEO 的標準是更多元的,而不只是看誰有最顯著的戰功。 Mac 處理器改採自家的 Apple Silicon,可以說是系統/平台級的轉換,等同換腦手術。在 Apple 內部,沒有人比 John Ternus 更有這種等級的轉換之管理經驗,而這正好是 Apple 邁向裝置端 AI 新時代所需。 原本絕大部分亞洲供應鏈都認為 Apple 下一任 CEO 會是 Jeff Williams,直到他退休後才改變想法。 Tim Cook 為 Apple 打造了非常高效的供應鏈管理機制。John Ternus 成為新 CEO 後,除了延續這套管理機制,應該也會開始加深與供應商技術層面的合作,為下一個產品世代的創新做準備。 Tim Cook 是少數能同時與美國與中國政府維持良好溝通的科技領袖,未來 Apple 在地緣政治上的操作,在可見未來可能還是需要仰賴他。 接下來如果 John Ternus 出訪亞洲,可以觀察兩個重點:一是與中國政府的…

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Qualcomm working with CXMT for custom memory has been making the rounds. Here's what's missing from the coverage: 1. This refers to Qualcomm working with GigaDevice on a discrete smartphone NPU, targeting Chinese smartphone brands. 2. Shipments are expected in late 2026 or early 2027, aimed at devices priced above RMB 4,000–4,500. 3. The NPU delivers ~40 TOPS of compute and is paired with 4GB of customized 3D DRAM, manufactured by CXMT. 4. It delivers higher memory bandwidth than LPDDR5X, with TSV and Hybrid Bonding stacking. 5. Shipment outlook and design wins are now below initial 1H25 expectations, mainly due to: (1) rising memory pri…

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近期市場在傳 Qualcomm 跟長鑫存儲(CXMT)合作客製化記憶體消息,以下是沒提到的重點: 1. 這是指 Qualcomm 與兆易創新合作,應用於手機獨立 NPU,目標客戶為中國手機品牌。 2. 預計 2026 年底或 2027 年初大量出貨,定位人民幣 4,000–4,500 元以上機種。 3. 該 NPU 擁有約 40 TOPS 算力,配備 4GB 客製化 3D DRAM,由長鑫負責製造。 4. 採用 TSV 與 Hybrid bonding 堆疊技術,使其記憶體頻寬高於 LPDDR5X。 5. 出貨展望與開案數量低於 1H25 開案時的預期,主因為:(1) 記憶體漲價推升NPU成本;(2) 裝置端 AI 應用與商業模式至今仍未明朗。

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Memory-Bound Is Not Just a Memory Problem

Even as HBM bandwidth upgrades in AI servers are still seen as the primary solution, memory-bound is already being mitigated across layers. Memory-bound, often broadly described as the “memory wall,” has emerged as a key bottleneck for AI inference and compute scaling. The root cause lies in the transformer + attention architecture: every token generation step requires reading from the KV cache. As context lengths grow, the KV cache expands accordingly, increasing memory access pressure. At scale, and without sacrificing inference quality, there is currently no viable alternative to the transformer + attention paradigm. However, this does …

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記憶體瓶頸,不只是記憶體

當 AI伺服器的 HBM 頻寬升級仍被視為關鍵解法時,記憶體瓶頸已在不同層面開始被緩解。 Memory-bound(記憶體瓶頸,也常被概括稱為「記憶體之牆」(Memory wall))已成為 AI 推理與算力成長的關鍵瓶頸。 其成因來自 transformer + attention 架構:每個 token 產生前均需讀取 KV cache。在長文本(context)趨勢下,KV cache 持續膨脹,記憶體讀取壓力隨之放大。 在大規模部署與推理品質前提下,目前還沒有其他架構可取代 transformer + attention。但這並不代表,記憶體瓶頸只是記憶體(HBM)規格問題。近期三個看似獨立的事件,正從不同層級降低記憶體瓶頸影響。 這些事件背後的公司,並非把解決「記憶體瓶頸」當目標,而是在解決記憶體瓶頸對其商業目標的干擾。因此,不同解法的差異,本質上來自不同商業目標: • Nvidia:穩定低延遲輸出以推升 token 價值 • Google:最大化基礎建設利用率 • Anthropic:支撐可長時間運作、具備持續記憶能力的 agent 架構 ──────────────────── 1️⃣ Nvidia 推出 Groq 3 LPX → 系統 / 實體層(Physical / System layer) 本質: 降低(decouple)運算與記憶體的資源競爭 機制: • 不同 KV cache 請求讀取 → HBM 存取不穩定 • HBM 存取不穩定 → …

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Smuggling AI servers into China didn’t change the downward trend in Super Micro’s gross margin Excerpt: "...servers sold for $510 million between late April 2025 and mid-May 2025..." Full article: https://t.co/jFjc4ZzU7z At least ~10% of Super Micro’s 2Q CY2025 revenue was tied to servers reportedly smuggled into China. In theory, these should carry much higher margins, but gross margin still declined sharply to 9.6% (vs. 11.3% in 2Q CY2024). Two possibilities: 1. Margins in the legitimate business are simply too weak. This is consistent with my earlier view that AI server assembly margins are under pressure (https://t.co/jofSOlgaEx). Sup…

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走私AI伺服器到中國,無法改變美超微的毛利率衰退趨勢 節錄自新聞報導: "...servers sold for $510 million between late April 2025 and mid-May 2025..." 報導原文: https://t.co/jFjc4Zzmi1 美超微在2Q CY2025的營收至少約1/10的營收來自走私。理論上走私的毛利率應該很高,但2Q CY2025的毛利率卻顯著衰退至9.6% (vs. 2Q CY2024的11.3%)。 兩種可能: 1. 合法銷售業務的毛利率太差,這回應了我之前關於AI伺服器組裝毛利率承壓的分析 (https://t.co/7BFSvcJete)%E3%80%82%E8%80%8C%E7%BE%8E%E8%B6%85%E5%BE%AE%E8%BC%83%E5%B0%8F%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E3%80%81%E8%BC%83%E5%B7%AE%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%80%A7%E5%8A%A3%E5%8B%A2%EF%BC%8C%E9%80%B2%E4%B8%80%E6%AD%A5%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%87%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E3%80%82 2. 當時可能不只美超微走私,有其他選擇下有助買家提高議價力,故美超微的非法…

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Edition 2026-10-10, preview.