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NVIDIA is expected to show off Spectrum-X and Quantum-X with Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) at GTC 2025, which is already a market consensus. The company may offer more details to back that up. Key points worth noting: 1. Speeds per port could hit 1.6T. 2. Using CPO in switches is a big deal for data centers. It saves energy, keeps scaling laws working well, and cuts maintenance costs by improving recovery and fault tolerance. 3. Suppliers of reference designs will get more attention because of leading the way in CPO. Some examples are: - Chip: TSMC - Testing: iST - Light source: Lumentum - Optical coupler: Coherent - Connector: Senko - Assembly: Foxconn/FII - Oscillator: SiTime - Optical fiber: Corning