My latest supply chain checks indicate that Nvidia has begun testing glass-free copper-clad laminate (CCL) based primarily on hydrocarbon (HC) resin as a replacement for glass-free PTFE-based CCL tested previously, paired with glass-free HC-based PP. The goal is to determine whether this material combination can meet the switch tray PCB requirements for Rubin Ultra NVL576, an eight-rack interconnected solution expected to enter mass production in 2H27. Preliminary tests conducted as part of efforts to improve PCB manufacturability show that glass-free HC CCL meets the switch tray’s high-frequency electrical requirements. Its electrical perfo…
Ming-Chi Kuo
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我最新的產業調查顯示,Nvidia 開始測試以碳氫樹脂(hydrocarbon resin,HC)為主的無布 CCL,取代先前測試的 PTFE 無布 CCL,並搭配 HC 無布 PP,評估能否滿足預計於 2H27 量產的 Rubin Ultra NVL576(8 機櫃互連方案)之 switch tray PCB 需求。 在提升 PCB 生產性的目標下,HC 無布 CCL 的初步測試結果符合 switch tray 的高頻電性要求(表現不及原 PTFE 方案,但優於 M9 等級方案,甚至優於 M10 的帳面規格)。上述測試不代表最終定案,但顯示 Nvidia 仍在滿足電性要求的前提下,尋求更好的 PCB 製造良率與生產效率。 1. 重點解讀與分析: (1) 先前測試 NVL576 switch tray 的組合,是 PTFE 無布 CCL 搭配 HC 無布 PP。近期的新一輪測試,則是以 HC 無布 CCL 替代原本的 PTFE 無布 CCL,HC 無布 PP 仍使用相同料號。 (2) 生益科技是目前 NVL576 switch tray 材料測試的領先供應商。相關材料包括 SG5300N(PTFE 無布 CCL)、SG1030N(HC 無布 CCL),以及 SIF09(HC 無布 PP)。 (3) 將 PTFE 無布 CCL 改為 HC 無布 CCL,主要是評估在改善 PCB 的製造良率與生產效率的目標下,同時滿足高頻電性要求。 (4) 為進一步優化 PCB 可製造性…
MediaTek’s latest announcement on the deepening of its long-term partnership with Nvidia repeatedly uses the term “rack-scale.” This is the key to understanding the announcement, and it directly validates the central conclusion of my research from more than two months ago: MediaTek has upgraded the strategic positioning of its AI business from "IC / ASIC design" to "system-level design." The announcement link: https://t.co/Yf4XOFVvSH The announcement also explains how MediaTek plans to put this new positioning into practice. By working with Nvidia, MediaTek can bring custom chips and XPUs into Nvidia’s mature rack-scale ecosystem, so that …
A recent media report claims that tight DRAM supply has left TSMC holding around US$1 billion worth of Apple 2nm processor work-in-process (WIP), described in the report as “processor wafers,” that cannot yet be packaged. As supporting evidence, it points to TSMC’s 2Q26 earnings call, where the company said the increase in inventory days was mainly due to the 2nm production ramp. My industry checks suggest that Apple has indeed scaled back its hardware shipment plans this year due to memory shortages. However, Apple plans its processor production at TSMC at least three months in advance, based on the amount of memory expected to be available…
市場近期傳聞,台積電因 DRAM 供應緊張,囤積約 10 億美元的 Apple 2nm 處理器半成品(傳聞稱為處理器晶圓)無法封裝,並以台積電 2Q26 法說提到「庫存天數增加主因是 2nm 量產爬坡」作為佐證。 我的產業調查顯示,Apple 今年的硬體出貨量確實因記憶體短缺而下調,但 Apple 在台積電的處理器訂單,會在至少約 3 個月前依可取得的記憶體數量規劃生產,而不是讓台積電提前大量生產半成品。 這不代表台積電不會提前生產並囤積半成品;但若瓶頸不在台積電,這麼做並無實益,因此,Apple 也沒有太大理由額外付錢要求台積電這樣做。 換言之,記憶體供應緊張是真,但我的理解是,並沒有出現「台積電先囤積 10 億美元半成品,再苦等記憶體到貨封裝」這種戲劇性變化。台積電與 Apple 都是全球執行力頂尖的企業,在供應鏈管理上,雙方緊密合作下也很難出現這種戲劇性的發展。 最後,憑公開資訊也能反思市場傳聞可能性。台積電在 2Q26 法說表示,庫存天數增加主要因 2nm 量產爬坡,但這裡的庫存不能直接視為由 Apple 處理器半成品造成,原因有三: 1. 台積電過往全新先進製程量產爬坡時,庫存天數通常也會增加,並非今年特有現象。 2. 台積電的庫存除半成品外,也包括製成品、原材料、物料與備品。 3. 今年 2nm 客戶不只有 Apple,還包括其他 IC 設計客戶(如 AMD 與聯發科)。
A few quick thoughts on what TSMC said about CoPoS during its Q2 2026 earnings call (screenshot from the transcript). The devil is in the details: 1. The phrase "alternative to try to lower down the cost" refers to the glass carrier. That's the CoP part. 2. "Work with substrate vendor" refers to the glass core substrate (GCS). That's the oS part. 3. Pay close attention to this phrase: "takes about another 1 year to be mature." It refers to the pilot line mentioned earlier. For a new technology, a mature pilot line and a mature mass-production line are two completely different things. 4. When TSMC says the pilot line will mature in about a…
簡要評論台積電 Q2 2026 法說中關於 CoPoS 的部分(截圖自逐字稿),魔鬼都在細節中: 1. 「alternative to try to lower down the cost」指的就是 glass carrier(玻璃載具),也就是 CoP 的部分。 2. 「work with substrate vendor」指的就是 glass core substrate(GCS;玻璃核心載版),也就是 oS 的部分。 3. 「takes about another 1 year to be mature」這句話要非常注意,這是指延續上面提到的試產線。對新技術來說,試產線的成熟,跟量產線的成熟,是完全不同的兩回事。 4. 台積電提到試產線 1 年後成熟,完全驗證我先前提到「2H27 採用 510x515mm(玻璃尺寸)做量產前模擬」的預測。這裡的「成熟」,對 oS / GCS 來說,指的是能在試產線上,開始模擬使用 510x515mm 的最終玻璃規格,而非現在的 250x250mm。 5. 延續4,這意味著現在大部分參與 oS / GCS 的供應鏈,不一定是最終的供應商們(更別提只是純粹敘事、沒實質參與的供應商們)。這是現階段想找投資機會(特別是設備與材料商)時要注意的地方。 6. 台積電的回應很簡短,但已涵蓋了 CoP 與 oS。這之中完全沒有提到 glass interposer(玻璃中介層),也呼應了我先前提到 CoPoS 不使用 glass interpo…
In the fast-moving tech industry, can data from industry checks go six months without an update and still track a company’s guidance more closely than market consensus? That’s rare, but here’s one example where the research held up, with a little luck on my side. ASML's latest Q2 2026 results further validate several predictions I made six months ago (in January). The most important of them, and the easiest to verify with hard numbers, is the EUV shipment outlook. EUV is different from consumer electronics, where forecasts shift constantly. Strong AI demand and the difficulty of expanding upstream capacity mean that my EUV shipment estimate…
在瞬息萬變的科技產業,有沒有什麼產業調查數據,即便經過半年不更新,仍能比市場共識更貼近公司展望?這很少見,但以下是一個經得起考驗、且多少帶點運氣成分的例子。 ASML 最新的 Q2 2026 財報,進一步驗證我半年前(1 月)的多項預測;其中最關鍵、也最能被量化檢驗的,是 EUV 出貨展望。 EUV 與變動頻繁的消費電子不同。AI 的強勁需求與上游擴產的難度,讓我藉由關鍵供應商 Carl Zeiss SMT 的產能變動所推估之 EUV 出貨量,即便沒更新,在過去半年仍能比市場共識更符合公司展望。 關於 ASML 在 2026 / 2027 年的 EUV 出貨量: 1. 我在 1 月預測 2026 / 2027 年出貨量為 67 / 80‒85 台,並指出 2027 年的 EUV 已銷售一空。當時市場對 2026 年出貨量共識為 53‒55 台。 2. ASML 在 4 月的 Q1 2026 財報中預估 2026 / 2027 年出貨量至少為 60 / 80 台。值得注意的是,公司首度公布更遠的 2027 年出貨展望,便已落在我 1 月預估的區間。 3. ASML 在最新的 7 月 Q2 2026 的財報中,將 2026 / 2027 年出貨量調升至約 65 台(不含 High-NA)/ 85 台(依公司展望推論),並指出 2027 年訂單已接近收滿,這與我 1 月時預測 2026 年的 67 台與 2027 年的「銷售一空」進一步吻合。值得一提的是,即便 Q2 202…
I rarely make public calls on stock price trends (industry research and stock price forecasting are two entirely different things). One recent exception came ahead of WWDC26, when I said I was positive on Apple's share-price trend in 2H26 and added: "...regardless of what Apple says at WWDC26, as long as this core bull narrative stays intact, Apple's positive 2H26 share-price trend is unlikely to change." After weathering a pullback triggered by the post-WWDC26 sell-the-news reaction and Apple's product price hikes, Apple shares still reached an intraday all-time high despite recent market volatility, consistent with the trend I forecast a m…
我較少公開預測股價趨勢(產業研究與股價預測是完全不同的兩回事),一個近期少見的例子是我在 WWDC26 前指出正向看待 Apple 在 2H26 股價趨勢,且「...無論 Apple 在 WWDC26 上講什麼,只要這個多頭核心敘事沒有被破壞,Apple 2H26 的股價正向趨勢就不易改變。」 在經歷 WWDC 26 後的利多出盡、調漲 Apple 產品售價所導致的股價回檔後,加上面臨近期股市動盪,但 Apple 股價仍在盤中創了歷史新高,這與我在一個月前預測的趨勢一致。
Goldman Sachs upgraded Nittobo to Buy in a July 6 report. One key reason was its cautious view on TSMC’s glass core substrate (GCS) progress. I won’t add much commentary here. Just sharing the note. That said, my takeaway is that the other reasons GS cited for the upgrade do not really conflict with a constructive view on GCS over the next several years. One thing to note: based on past patterns, the likelihood of TSMC providing major updates on GCS/CoPoS at its upcoming July earnings call may be low. This is especially true since TSMC just shared key R&D results at a Japan symposium in June, where it also made a rare mention of supplier pa…
Goldman Sachs 在 7 月 6 日發布調升 Nittobo 評等到買進的報告,其中一個核心理由是保守看待台積電的玻璃核心載板(glass core substrate;GCS)發展。我先不多做評論,這邊單純分享訊息。 不過,我的結論是,從該報告其他的調升評等理由看,其實跟未來數年內正向看待 GCS 是不衝突的。 要注意的是,從過去歷史經驗看,台積電在接下來的 7 月法說,對 GCS / CoPoS 提供重大更新的機會可能不高,特別是才剛在 6 月份的日本研討會中,提供過關鍵研發成果且罕見提到合作供應商。如果我上述推論是對的,那更後面 8 月的群創與 Ibiden 法說,提供 GCS 重大更新訊息的機會也會連帶偏低。
In this interview, Amazon hardware chief Panos Panay said the company is designing its own end-to-end silicon for some of its devices, while still sourcing chips from external suppliers such as Qualcomm. This echoes the trend I previously predicted, that Amazon devices are moving toward in-house silicon. Another key takeaway is that Panay tied this effort to on-device AI, which suggests that beyond the cost considerations I noted earlier, in-house silicon is also a key part of Amazon's strategy for future AI devices. https://t.co/OKtctYPmmp
在本訪談中,Amazon 硬體主管 Panos Panay 提到該公司正在為部分自家裝置設計自研晶片(end-to-end silicon),且目前仍向其他公司外購晶片(如 Qualcomm)。 這呼應了我先前預測的「Amazon 裝置走向自研晶片」趨勢。另一個重點是,Panay 也提到這是為了裝置端 AI,代表自研晶片除了我先前提及的成本考量外,也是未來 AI 裝置的重要布局。 https://t.co/OKtctYPmmp
Foldable iPhone May Repeat the iPhone X Story: Joint Debut, Later Launch, Tight Supply to Year-End
My latest industry survey indicates that assembly shipments for the foldable iPhone in 2H26 will be roughly 7–8 million units, with 3Q26 shipments at 0.5–1 million units, or about 10% of the total. By comparison, estimated 3Q26 shipments of the iPhone 18 Pro / Pro Max total roughly 20–22 million units, significantly higher than the foldable iPhone and already meeting the inventory requirement for an official launch. From the perspective of its 3Q26 inventory build, the foldable iPhone is likely to repeat what happened with the iPhone X in 2017: it may be announced alongside the other new models, but with pre-orders and official sales both co…
折疊 iPhone 可能重演 iPhone X 劇本:同場發布、較晚開賣,供應吃緊延續至年底
我最新的產業調查指出,折疊 iPhone 在 2H26 的組裝出貨量約 700‒800 萬部,當中 3Q26 出貨量為 50‒100 萬部(佔比約 10%)。相較之下,iPhone 18 Pro / Pro Max 在 3Q26 的預估總出貨量約 2,000‒2,200 萬部,顯著高於折疊 iPhone 並已達 9 月正式發售的備貨要求。 從 3Q26 備貨量的角度,折疊 iPhone 很有可能會重演 2017 年 iPhone X 當時的狀況:與其他機種一起發布,但開放預購與正式發售的時間均更晚。 幾個重點: 當年 iPhone X 的技術創新與銷售賣點,在於它是首款採用 OLED 全螢幕設計的 iPhone,並導入瀏海設計與 Face ID / TrueDepth 相機系統。因 iPhone X 製造難度高,在 3Q17 出貨量估計低於 100 萬部。以創新體驗為賣點,同時因製造難度高導致初期生產量有限,這方面折疊 iPhone 與 iPhone X 高度類似。 雖然 Apple 於 2017 年 9 月 12 日同時發布 iPhone X 與 iPhone 8 / 8 Plus,但 iPhone X 的開放預購與正式發售時間分別為 10 月 27 日與 11 月 3 日,晚於 iPhone 8 / 8 Plus 的 9 月 15 日與 9 月 22 日,原因在於 iPhone X 未達 9 月開賣所需的備貨水準。從這角度看,在 3Q26 出貨量有限的折疊 iPhon…
This structural shift suggests that Amazon has been preparing for the long-term expansion of AI compute, and that it does not see AI compute oversupply as a real issue.
這個結構性的轉變,代表 Amazon 做好了為 AI 算力擴張的長期準備。意味著 Amazon 不認為有 AI 算力過剩的問題。
The memory supply-demand gap will keep widening through 2027. That is the real reason Apple is lobbying the White House to keep CXMT off the Entity List. ▌Start with my latest industry checks: The pressure on Apple has shifted from soaring memory costs to a widening supply gap. 1. Of the memory capacity allocated to consumer electronics in 2026, an estimated 15–20% is expected to shift to data centers in 2027, and that share could grow. 2. Due to tight memory (LPDDR) supply, Apple's actual pull-in volume of A20 chips in 2H26–1Q27 could be 10–20% below its original target (though part of that may reflect Apple’s own overbooking). ▌CXMT sta…
2027 年記憶體供需缺口將持續擴大,這才是 Apple 遊說白宮「避免長鑫存儲未來被列入實體清單」的真相 ▌先講我最新的產業調查:Apple 面對的壓力,已從記憶體成本大增,升級到供需缺口持續擴大。 1. 2026 年用於消費電子的記憶體產能中,預計 15–20% 將於 2027 年轉供資料中心,且後續不排除繼續擴大。 2. 受記憶體(LPDDR)供應緊張影響,Apple 在 2H26–1Q27 對 A20 處理器的實際拉貨量,可能比原目標少 10–20%(不過,這也可能部分是 Apple over-booking 的結果)。 ▌長鑫在招股書中提到,該公司的產能遠低於國內需求;加上全球記憶體供需持續失衡,因此即便 Apple 遊說成功並向長鑫採購 DRAM,也不會顯著降低成本與改善供需缺口。但在供需失衡持續擴大下,Apple 仍有必要爭取新的供應來源。 ▌這也解釋為何 Apple 這次會比 2022 年評估長江存儲更積極。當年的長江,是提供改善 NAND 成本的選項;而這次的長鑫,則是管理 DRAM 供需失衡風險的選項。 ▌Tim Cook 是少數能同時與美中政府維持良好關係的科技領袖,故此事最好趕在他卸任 CEO 前完成。即便最終未果,透過媒體披露後,也能讓市場留下「Apple 已盡力、無奈仍受限於美方政策」的印象,或能緩和市場對漲價與交期拉長的不滿。
iOS 27 will bring tighter system-level integration with Apple Intelligence. My latest industry checks suggest Apple's lower-end 1H27 iPhones, powered by the A20 chip, will move to 9GB DRAM (1.5GB × 6 dies), up from 8GB (2GB × 4 dies) in the current A19 models, to keep the system running smoothly under AI workloads. The three new high-end 2H26 models powered by the A20 Pro chip (the foldable and two 18 Pro models) will remain unchanged at 12GB (1.5GB × 8 dies).
iOS 27 將進一步深化與 Apple Intelligence 的系統級整合。我的最新產業調查顯示,為確保在 AI 負載下系統仍能順暢運作,1H27 新款配備 A20 處理器的較低階 iPhone 之 DRAM 規格將升級至 9GB(1.5GB × 6-die),高於目前 A19 機型的 8GB(2GB × 4-die)。2H26 配備 A20 Pro 處理器的三款高階機型(折疊機與兩款 18 Pro 機型)則維持 12GB(1.5GB x 8-die)。
Contrary to recent market rumors, my latest industry checks indicate that Google currently has no concrete plan to procure memory chips from CXMT.
與市場近期的傳言不同,我最新的產業調查指出,Google 目前並沒有任何明確向長鑫存儲採購記憶體晶片的計劃。
Google and MediaTek Deepen TPU v9 Collaboration with Upgraded Triggerfish, Targeting AI Agents, Reinforcement Learning, and Effective Compute Maximization 1. My latest industry checks indicate that Google is developing an upgraded v9 chip, likely codenamed Triggerfish, based on TPU v9 / Humufish, with MediaTek exclusively securing this new, higher-priced order. 2. This upgraded chip is a Humufish-based follow-on program, positioned as a v9 variant with stronger inference capabilities that can help mitigate both the CPU wall and the memory wall. The project also further confirms MediaTek as Google’s preferred development partner for the TPU …
Google 與聯發科深化 TPU v9 合作,開發升級版 Triggerfish,聚焦 AI 代理、強化學習與有效算力最大化 1. 我最新的產業調查顯示,Google 將在 TPU v9 / Humufish 的基礎上,開發代號可能是 Triggerfish 的升級版 v9 晶片,並由聯發科獨家取得此單價更高的新增訂單。 2. 此升級版晶片是以 Humufish 為基礎的延伸新案,定位為更強推論能力的 v9 改版,可同時緩解 CPU wall 與 memory wall。此案也進一步驗證聯發科是 Google 在 TPU v9 世代的合作首選廠商。 3. 此 v9 改版與 Humufish 的主要差異,在於:SRAM 容量顯著提升至 Humufish 的 2–3 倍、新增 simulation die、升級至 HBM4E(vs. Humufish 的 HBM4)。 4. 新增 simulation die 的可能功能除了本地 TPU 管理、訓練 / 推論模式切換等,關鍵聚焦在強化學習(RL)與 AI 代理協作。 5. 更大容量的 SRAM 可將更多 RL 與 AI 代理所需的活躍工作集(active working set)留在 TPU 本地,降低資料搬移成本,提升超低延遲 decode 階段的效率。 6. 在 Humufish 生命週期 400‒500 萬顆出貨預估不變下,Google 額外追加 100–200 萬顆 Triggerfish 訂單,預計 2027 …
My latest industry checks indicate that MediaTek has upgraded the strategic positioning of its AI business from "IC / ASIC design" to "system-level design," initially targeting the PCBA (L6) for Google's TPU and the L10 rack for Elon Musk-affiliated companies' in-house AI chips. Overall, this strategic shift aligns with industry trends and, if executed well, should help strengthen MediaTek's customer relationships and long-term competitive advantage. Industry checks and analysis: ▎This is a long-term play, with immaterial impact on fundamentals over the next two years. The aim is to capture new growth opportunities while mitigating potenti…
我最新的產業調查顯示,聯發科內部已將 AI 事業的策略定位,從「IC / ASIC 設計」提升至「系統級別設計」,首要目標鎖定 Google TPU 的 PCBA(L6),以及 Elon Musk 旗下公司自研 AI 晶片的 L10 機櫃。 整體而言,此定位轉變符合產業趨勢,若聯發科執行順利,有助於強化客戶關係與長期競爭優勢。 調查與分析: ▎此轉變爲長期規劃,2 年內對基本面的影響可忽視,目標在於掌握新成長契機,並降低潛在風險影響: 1. 機會:伺服器機櫃設計漸趨複雜(導入 CPO、800V HVDC 等),加上與消費電子相當的更新速度,共同推升了系統級設計的附加價值。 2. 風險:ASIC 設計的成長動能,在 2-3 年後可能會因爲 Semi-COT 商業模式而開始趨緩。 3. 聯發科為確保系統級別設計整合的業務毛利率至少能達 40-50%,預期採「主導設計與驗證」的輕資產模式,並善用台灣硬體供應鏈生態優勢,將製造外包。 ▎Google TPU 的 PCBA: 1. 聯發科的目標是自 TPU v10(Icefish)開始,並同步爭取導入自家 CPO 方案。 2. Google 硬體組裝生態已完備,聯發科爭取 L10 勝算不高。 ▎Musk 旗下公司自研 AI 晶片的 L10 機櫃: 1. 目前 Musk 旗下公司建置的 AI 算力主要採 Nvidia 晶片方案,故自家 AI 晶片機櫃組裝生態尚未完備,這是聯發科的機會。 2. 此業務目前尚缺乏明確時程能…
Key takeaways on TSMC's next-generation advanced packaging, CoPoS (publicly available technical details omitted): 1. CoPoS is currently expected to enter mass production in 2H28. It is designed to improve the economics of ultra-large packages above the 9.5x reticle-size class, with NVIDIA’s Feynman AI chip a potential first adopter. 2. According to industry checks, glass is used in two distinct places (dimensions in mm): → 310 x 310 temporary glass carriers → 250 x 250 (pilot) / 510 x 515 (mass production) glass panels, processed and later cut into individual glass core substrates 3. The glass core substrate is essentially a three-layer st…
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